Wednesday, January 29, 2020
Objectification of women Essay Example for Free
Objectification of women Essay Should prostitution be legalised and monitored or illegal and unmonitored? Main Arguments Primoratz â€Å"what’s wrong with prostitution?†( Vol. 68, No. 264, Apr., 1993 ) Nussbaum â€Å"taking money for bodily services†Yolanda Estes â€Å"moral reflections on prostitution†Sources The philosophy of sex contemporary readings, Alan Soble and Nicholas.P.Power, Rowman Littlefield, Jan 1, 2002 Prostitution and pornography: â€Å"philosophical debate about the sex industry†Charges against prostitution: an attempt at a philosophical assessment, Chicago journals, Vol. 90, No. 3, Apr., 1980 Lars.O.Ericsson Introduction and thesis I will clearly state how my argument will be structured for prostitution through the various articles and philosophers I have studied. I shall also outline how I will come to my conclusion. Body An outline of my basic arguments will be presented with supporting sub arguments, these will include all the above references. I will use both Primoratz and Nussbaum to back up my conclusion. I will then evaluate and analyse their arguments in order to further support my view for prostitution. Then I will look at views that are opposed to the legalisation of prostitution through Yolanda Estes who defends Kantian ethics. After evaluating this I will come up with various responses. Conclusion Look at objections I was unable to argue against as lack of space, also look at my overall argument and see implications of accepting the conclusion. Essay plan Although we are sometimes justified in withdrawing or withholding life sustaining treatment for someone who is terminally ill and suffering, we could never be justified in killing such a person? Critically discuss the claim? Intro Define what passive and active euthanasia are and their basic differences, Discuss the various arguments that you will look at and show your point of view for the essay State the part of the world that you will be discussing, both the us and uk Main body Body will be split into two main arguments, my first argument will discuss the moral difference between killing and letting a person die. I will use various references and examples from the articles and books noted. My argument will attempt to show that their can be no yes or no answer to the question as each case is very specific and should be taken on its own merits and not by one law. I will then look at various examples where courts have both ruled for and against passive and active euthanasia, critically discussing the decisions and as to weather they were morally permissible. I will then attempt to add a philosophical standpoint such as utilitarianism or Kantian ethics to further prove my original argument. After this I will also add counter arguments and attempt to provide possible responses in order to strengthen my argument. Conclusion Here I will summarise my viewpoint and show various arguments that I may have added if I had more space. I will then attempt to finish my essay with a quotation from one of the various articles that both agrees with and summarises my stance. Books and articles Euthanasia and physician assisted euthanasia, (Gerald Dworkin, Cambridge University Print, August 28 1998) Euthanasia: a reference handbook Jennifer Fecio Mcdougall, Martha Gormen, 2008) Euthanasia: death with dignity and the law, Hasel Biggs, Hart publishing, jan 1, 2008) Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (why active euthanasia should be allowed, article, 2001, navlo, Brithish medical journal)
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
Summer Of The Monkeys: Jay Berry And His Conflicts Essay -- essays res
Summer of the Monkeys: Jay Berry and His Conflicts OUTLINE      Topic: Jay Berry      Purpose: To identify the nature of the force of the conflict which Jay Berry encounters, and indicate how they help or hinder Jay Berry the protagonist in Wilson Rawls novel Summer of the Monkeys      Thesis: Before Jay Berry succeeds his goal he encounters many conflicts that both hinder and help him through his amazing adventure.      I.                    Inner Forces                          A. Help- personality traits                          1. Determination                          2. Confidence      II.                    B. Hinder                          1. Fear                          2. Over confidence      III.                    Outer Forces                          A. Help- other people                          1. Grandpa                          2. Old Rowdy      IV.      ... ...ed against Jay Berry. The monkeys hindered Jay Berry with their intellectual abilities and also their physical attributes. Jay Berry did not know what he was going up against when he took on the challenge of catching the escaped circus monkeys. They outsmarted Jay Berry many times making Jay Berry looking like a buffoon. Also the monkeys physical capabilities are far more superior than Jay Berry's, also you will not see Jay Berry jumping from tree to tree. Another outer force that hindered Jay Berry was the environment. The sycamore trees are much too tall for Jay Berry to climb, and the bottoms are very unstable.      Summer of the Monkeys written by Wilson Rawls displays many inner and outer forces either help or hindering Jay Berry. In the end Jay Berry was struck by a surprise when the whole family got what they wished for in the magical fairy ring that Daisy found. The peak of Jay Berry's success is when he got a chance to run with Daisy through the fields, and also got his pony and .22. A lesson is to be learned from Jay Berry's wonderful experience, if you do what's best and not just what you want, you might just get both as an even greater reward.
Monday, January 13, 2020
Bowling for Columbine Is Not a Documentary Essay
Michael Moore’s ‘Bowling for Columbine’, the film which won an Oscar for best documentary, is not in fact a documentary, but rather more of a persuasive essay in film format. The widely accepted definition of ‘documentary’ is a film emphasizing or expressing things as perceived without distortion of personal feelings, insertion of fictional matter, and minimal editting, and ‘Bowling for Columbine’ does not show any of these characteristics. Instead of presenting a neutral view of the issues, it is clearly biased and purposely manipulates the viewers into agreeing with Moore’s opinions. In the process, Moore frequently uses incorrect statistics and information. In some cases fabricated evidence is also inserted. Documentaries should have close to no editing of the evidence, however in some cases Moore uses sly editing techniques to deceive the viewers. A prominent example of this can be seen in Charlton Heston’s speech. It appears as though the NRA president is holding protest rallies in response to the gun related incidents in Columbine and Flint Michigan, holding a musket up and proclaiming â€Å"I have only five words for you: ‘from my cold dead hands’†whilst the crowd cheers. Moore makes a point of cutting from scenes of heartbroken victims to Heston’s ‘arrogant’ speeches. The purpose of this is to demonize Heston, and also all the members of the NRA. He wants the audience to perceive all gun lovers as heartless, selfish monsters. However on closer observation, it turns out Moore simply grabbed segments from Heston’s former speeches, splicing them together to form a new one, completely different from what the president had intended. Documentaries are meant to lay out the truth, whilst here the film has morphed the truth into a lie instead. Going back to the definition, Bowling for Columbine again falls short of being a documentary through it’s failure to include only correct, factual evidence. Moore chooses to use incorrect ‘facts’; the national gun murder statistics that seem abnormally high are sourced from the National Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, and is a combination of gun related and non gun related incidents, so is therefore irrelevant to what the documentary was trying to say. The rockets shown in the Lockheed Martin sequences and being driven though the streets of Littleton in the night are in fact space launch vehicles, not weapons of mass destruction as Moore claims. These â€Å"facts†, false in nature, are again put there to distort the truth and make the viewers believe that things are more horrifying than they actually are, so that they are more susceptible to Moore’s mental manipulation. One of the fundamentals of a documentary is that it must present facts, and obviously â€Å"Bowling for Columbine†has not fulfilled that requirement. Throughout â€Å"Bowling for Columbine†, Moore presents an extremely biased view of events. Moore does everything in his power to manipulate viewers into see things from his eyes. Many are many persuasive techniques are used to achieve this. The film horrifies the audience with confronting scenes from the 9/11 attacks and the Columbine shooting. ‘A Brief History of America’ makes people see Americans as cowardly and pathetic. Charlton Heston’s ‘speech’ angers the audience and makes them turn against gun lovers. There are many more examples, however the point is that documentaries should be neutral and informative, yet the film actively tries to force the viewers to a narrow-minded conclusion. In summary, although â€Å"Bowling for Columbine†may be a creative persuasive film, it is most certainly not a documentary. Not only does the film fail to adhere in any way to the definition of a traditional documentary, it largely utilises deceptive techniques to push Moore’s artificial and contrived point of view.
Sunday, January 5, 2020
Milgrams Study of Obedience to Authority - 1244 Words
Stanley Milgram is a famous psychologist who focused his studies on authority and peoples reaction and obedience to it. His famous experiment and its results were groundbreaking in psychology, surprising both psychologists and regular people alike. First I will discuss the reason for Milgrims study of obedience to authority. Then I will explain the experiment, its formulation, and its results. Finally I will cover the influence of the experiment on psychology and society. Stanley Milgrim was born in New York City in 1933, the son of European immigrants. He earned his bachelors degree in Political Sciences from Queens College, where he never even took a course in psychology. He then applied to Harvard for his Ph.D. but was not†¦show more content†¦The subjects of the experiment believed that they were taking part in a study on the relationship of learning and punishment. The subject would sit in a room and ask questions to an actor in another room, who was supposed to be another subject. In front of the questioner was a box that had a series of buttons labeled from 15 volts to 450 volts. The subject was told to shock the person every time they answered incorrectly, increasing the voltage each time. As the shocks got worse, the actor would make noise, bang on the wall, yell for help, etc. but the researcher would tell the subject to keep going. Milgrim found, contrary to many psychologists predictions, that sixty-five percent of the subjects delivered the shocks all the way up to 450 volts (Slater). These results were very revealing about peoples obedience to authority. As the subjects in the experiment went on delivering the shocks, they showed signs of deep moral conviction, however they didnt stop delivering the shocks. They continued to inflict severe pain on an innocent individual because an authority figure was telling them to. There were specific instances when a subject said he wanted to stop because he was worried about the healt h of the person he was delivering the shocks to but he continued when the researcher told him that he would accept all responsibility. This detail reveals allot about peoples obedience to authority. It showed that when a person hearsShow MoreRelatedMilgram’s Study of Obedience to Authority772 Words  | 3 Pageswill outline Milgram’s experiment of obedience and outline ethical issues relating to it. Before outlining Milgram’s experiment this essay will look at Milgram himself. ‘Stanley Milgram was born in New York in 1933. A graduate of Queens College and Harvard University, he taught social psychology at Yale and Harvard Universities before become a Distinguished Professor at the Graduate Centre of the City University Of New York.’ (Zimbardo, 2010) Milgram’s study of obedience was an experimentRead MoreAnalysis Of Stanley Milgram s Perils Of Obedience Essay1709 Words  | 7 PagesStill, many questions still remain prevalent as to how an individual reaches his or her decision on obedience in a distressing environment. Inspired by Nazi trials, Stanley Milgram, an American psychologist, questions the social norm in â€Å"Perils of Obedience†(1964), where he conducted a study to test how far the average American was willing to for under the pressures of an authority figure. Milgram s study showed that under the orders of an authoritative figure, 64% of average Americans had the capabilityRead MoreMilgrams Research on Obedience811 Words  | 4 PagesMilgrams research on obedience: how and why it can help student nurses The report aims to: Describe the main aspects of Milgrams study on Obedience Explain why and how this research can be used to help prepare student nurses for working on hospital wards Contribute to the understanding of some of the challenges nurses may face in their working practices Background Stanley Milgram, a psychologist from Yale University, conducted a series of experiments on obedience to explain some of theRead MoreOutline and Evaluate Milgram’s Concept of â€Å"Agentic Shift†.1242 Words  | 5 PagesOutline and Evaluate Milgram’s concept of â€Å"agentic shift†. Following results of his world famous obedience studies, Milgram developed his own theory of why people obey a malevolent authority – â€Å"agentic shift†. Milgram findings led him to believe a person can be in one of two psychological state at any particular time, and the â€Å"agentic shift†is what causes ordinary people to follow orders because they believed the experimenter has a legitimate authority. Milgram believed people acted withoutRead MoreThe Causes Of Obedience From Research By Milgram ( 1974 ) And His Contemporaries1360 Words  | 6 Pagesand explain what we can learn about the causes of Obedience from research by Milgram (1974) and his Contemporaries. Stanley Milgram was a Psychologist at Yale. Obedience is an essential part in the format of humanity, and it’s destructiveness has been investigated throughout time. Stanley Milgram organized a research to test the destructiveness of obedience however, Milgram wanted to investigate why ordinary people are keen to obey an authority figure and commit evil deeds even when it goes againstRead Moremilgrams study into obedience777 Words  | 4 Pagesfactors that Milgram found effect obedience? Refer to empirical evidence in your answer Milgram’s original study into obedience came under to a lot of scrutiny because of both mythological and ethical problems. This meant that the validity of Milgram’s study was put into question. Following the study were further investigations to see what might change and explain the results that Milgram found, both by Milgram himself and other psychologists. Variations to his study throw up interesting theories toRead MoreThe Milgram Experiment Essay1299 Words  | 6 Pagesshock. The Milgram Experiment Stanley Milgram (1963) Experiment: Focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. Investigate: Whether Germans were particularly obedient to authority figures as this was a common explanation for the Nazi killings in World War II. Milgram selected participants for his experiment by advertising for male participants to take part in a study of learning at Yale University. The procedure was that the participant was paired with anotherRead MoreObedience : Behind The Unethical And Valid True Essay1716 Words  | 7 PagesGuadalupe Loza Professor Comstock English -80 28 October, 2014 Obedience: Behind the Unethical and Valid True The action of believing on what is right according to reality and its own self; make obedience part of each individual responsibility, regardless other people behavior. Stanley Milgram was an American social psychologist that conducted in the 1960s one of the most famous studies referring on how people obey or disobey to certain authoritarian instructions. The experiment basically consistedRead MoreComparative Analysis Of Stanley Milgrams The Perils Of Obedience1461 Words  | 6 PagesComparative Analysis The purpose of Stanley Milgram writing his â€Å"The Perils of Obedience,†is to show to what extent an individual would contradict his/her moral convictions because of the orders of an authority figure (Milgram 78). He constructed an experiment wherein an experimenter instructs a naà ¯ve subject to inflict a series of shocks of increasing voltage on a protesting actor. Contrary to Milgram’s expectations, about sixty percent of the subjects administered the highest voltage shock. (MilgramRead MoreMilgram s Theory Of Obedience Experiments1133 Words  | 5 PagesIntroduction Stanley Milgram was a Yale psychologist that is famous for conducting the obedience experiments in 1961. Milgram had conducted a series of experiments during the 1960s that were related to obedience. The results of these experiments had demonstrated a disturbing yet powerful view into the power of authority that can exert from it some sort of obedience. Milgram’s experimentation had begun in 1961 after the trail of Adolph Eichmann has started slightly after World War II. Milgram was
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